Gary Kasparov was born in the USSR as Garik Kimovich Weinstein in 1963, in Baku, in the republic of Azerbaijan. His father was Azerbaijani Jewish and his mother was Armenian. Kasparov identifies as a Russian, though. His father died of leukaemia when Kasparov was just seven years old. His name, Kasparov, is his mother’s maiden name, and he took it at the age of 12 to avoid anti-Semitic prejudice in the USSR.
After solving a chess problem that had been left on a board by his parents when he was young, Kasparov’s future was sealed. At the age of 10, he began training at Mikhail Botvinnik’s chess school, under the tutelage of Vladimir Makogonov. In 1976, at the age of just 13, he won the USSR championship, and then repeated the feat the following year.
Kasparov himself pinpoints one particular success as the time that he decided on chess as a career. It came in 1978, when he won the Sokolsky Memorial tournament in Minsk. As a youngster, he had been invited to the tournament as an exception, but his victory meant that he became a chess master. He later wrote: “I will remember the Sokolsky Memorial as long as I live.”
Also in 1978, he qualified for the Soviet Chess Championship, at just 15 years of age, becoming the youngest player to qualify at that level. He won a grandmaster tournament in Yugoslavia the next year, and in 1980, he won the World Junior Chess Championship in Dortmund, West Germany. He officially became a Grandmaster when he debuted as second reserve for the Soviet Union at the Chess Olympiad at Valletta, Malta.
In 1984, he became the youngster ever world number one in chess, and would face Anatoly Karpov in the World Chess Championship later that year too. That match became famous as the first World Championship match to be abandoned without a result. In November, 1985 he would be KArpov to claim his first world title. Karpov would be his opponent time and again in the 1980s in world championship matches. After winning dozens of titles, Kasparov retired from competitive chess in 2005, after being victorious in the Linares tournament for the ninth time.
Kasparov’s achievements have not been all about winning chess matches, though. In 1997, he was the first world chess champion to lose a match to a computer when playing under standard time control rules. The IBM supercomputer Deep Blue was the victor in that encounter.
In addition to his chess career, Kasparov has also been a political activist, and he continues to comment publicly on political matters in Russia. He is a vocal opponent of Vladimir Putin, and is the chairman of the Human Rights Foundation.
Now that you know just who Gary Kasparov is and what he has achieved, it is time to see what is on offer in his Masterclass course.